Why air cooling is not enough
Modern GPUs have increased power draw by an order of magnitude, pushing single-cabinet densities past what fans can handle. Immersion cooling removes heat directly at the component, enabling far higher density.
What makes a fluid suitable
The fluid must be dielectric (non-conductive) and non-flammable so electronics can be submerged safely. Fluorinated heat-transfer fluids meet both, with low surface tension and chemical stability for long service life.
Single-phase vs two-phase
Single-phase fluids carry heat by circulation; two-phase fluids boil at the component and recondense, removing more heat per unit volume. Choice depends on the rack design and target PUE.
Sourcing for scale
Data-centre operators need a stable, high-purity supply with documented dielectric and flammability data. Confirm purity, boiling point, GWP and ODP with your supplier before qualifying a fluid.